Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh.

East USA; 0-1500 m; introduced in Europe in 1800;

1-2.5 m (to5 m); shrubby; branches slender, spreading;

5-10 x 4-7.5 cm; semi-evergreen; apex pointed; base cuneate; 2-5 toothed lobes with shallow sinuses; dark green above; paler beneath, greyish or whitish tomentose; dark purple in winter; petiole 1-2 cm long, pubescent;

fruits at 5 years old;

acorn 1-1.5 cm; paired; numerous; dark brown, striped with black; sessile; cup enclosing 1/4 to 1/3 of nut; maturing in 2 years; bitter;

hardy; prefers lime-free soils, even poor or dry; slow-growing, short-lived;

– A.Camus : 420; – Sub-genus Quercus, section Lobatae, subsection Phellos; – Hybrids with other red oaks ( Q.x brittonii , Q.x caesariensis , Q.x fernaldii , Q.x giffordii , Q.x rehderi , Q. x robbinsii ) ;